{"title":"Related RAS Viral (r-ras) Oncogene","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"highlited\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAbout RRAS \/ Related RAS Viral (r-ras) Oncogene:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe r-ras oncogene is a proto-oncogene. It encodes for the GTPase enzyme Ras, which is vital in regulating cellular functions and growth. Alfred Pardee first discovered this gene while studying how viral infection can cause cancerous cells to form [Haines et al., 1982]. The discovery of this gene leads to the understanding that when mutated, it causes uncontrolled cell division and other types of cancers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eRRAS Mechanism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCells process information by a complex system called signal transduction pathways. Signal transduction starts with extracellular signals transmitted through cell surface receptors and intracellular signalling molecules in the membrane (i.e., G-protein) into the cytosol, which then activates protein kinases and inhibits protein phosphatases leading to gene transcription and eventual cellular responses like cytokine release or apoptosis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eRelated RAS Viral (r-ras) Oncogene Structure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe protein is made up of four separate peptides, each with a different function.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEach of the four parts is called domains:\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e●C-terminal domain (CTD) - stores and regulates ATP levels; functions as an ion channel at low pH\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e●N-terminal domain (NTD) - binds GTPase proteins which regulate other proteins in the cell by controlling their activity under normal conditions.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e●RasGEF domain - stimulates Ras to convert from GDP to GTP form when it binds guanosine triphosphate (GTP), also known as GEFs or GDP\/GTP Exchange Factors.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e●Kelch repeats the regulatory module (KRRM), a stretch of amino acids that interact with regulators of the cell.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe CTD domain is located near the end of the protein and binds to a specific sequence that induces it to fold into its active form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eRRAS Interactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe protein is involved in interactions with proteins that regulate cell growth. It has been shown to bind and activate the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway, which leads to transcriptional activation of various genes involved in division and proliferation. This can lead to uncontrolled cellular replication resulting in tumour formation.[13] The Ras protein interacts with other intracellular signalling pathways like phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK) or mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eRelated RAS Viral (r-ras) Oncogene Functions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe protein's function is to act as a signal transducer that then transmits signals within cells.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eRas proteins are involved in activation, cell cycle progression, and differentiation signalling pathways. In addition, Ras also regulates intracellular signalling cascades such as MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase), which controls cell proliferation and apoptosis via extracellular signal molecules like cytokines or hormones.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"rras-human","title":"RRAS Human","description":"\u003cp\u003eRelated RAS Viral (r-ras) Oncogene Homolog Human Recombinant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eRas-Related Protein R-Ras, p23, RRAS.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"2µg","offer_id":43173913559124,"sku":"PRO-808","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10µg","offer_id":43173913591892,"sku":"PRO-808","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1mg","offer_id":43173913624660,"sku":"PRO-808","price":5200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-rras-human-PRO-808.png?v=1776444985"},{"product_id":"rras2-human","title":"RRAS2 Human","description":"\u003cp\u003eRelated RAS Viral (r-ras) Oncogene Homolog 2 Human Recombinant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eRas-related protein R-Ras2, Ras-like protein TC21, Teratocarcinoma oncogene, RRAS2, TC21.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"10µg","offer_id":43173914574932,"sku":"PRO-728","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50µg","offer_id":43173914607700,"sku":"PRO-728","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1mg","offer_id":43173914640468,"sku":"PRO-728","price":1800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-rras2-human-PRO-728.png?v=1776444989"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/collections\/Image_727e1349-4fe8-4c64-a57d-042588187adc.png?v=1700647850","url":"https:\/\/prospecbio.com\/collections\/related-ras-viral-r-ras-oncogene.oembed","provider":"prospecbio","version":"1.0","type":"link"}