CALM Bovine

Calmodulin, CaM, CALM.

Bovine brain tissue.

Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

CALM was lyophilized with 2mM EDTA.

Lyophilized CALM although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Calmodulin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).

Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized CALM in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

Greater than 95.0%.

SDS

Biochemical and immunochemical investigations.

Role in Muscle Contraction and Relaxation:

In muscle cells, calmodulin plays a pivotal role in the regulation of contraction and relaxation. It interacts with myosin light-chain kinase during muscle contraction, initiating the process of cross-bridge cycling. Conversely, during muscle relaxation, calmodulin activates the enzyme myosin light-chain phosphatase, leading to the dephosphorylation of myosin and muscle relaxation. This delicate balance is crucial for proper muscle function.

Neuronal Signalling and Synaptic Plasticity:

In neurons, calmodulin is essential for neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. It modulates the activity of proteins involved in vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release. Additionally, calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are critical for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. The intricate interplay between calmodulin and neuronal proteins underpins the fundamental processes of learning and cognition.

Implications in Disease and Therapeutics:

Dysregulation of calmodulin has been implicated in various diseases, including cardiac arrhythmias and neurodegenerative disorders. Mutations in calmodulin genes can lead to aberrant calcium signalling and cellular dysfunction. Consequently, understanding these molecular mechanisms offers potential therapeutic targets. Researchers are exploring calmodulin inhibitors and modulators for conditions like cardiac arrhythmias, aiming to restore normal cellular function.

Conclusion:

Calmodulin, with its remarkable structural versatility and central role in cellular signalling, epitomizes the complexity of biological regulation. Its influence spans from the fundamental processes of muscle contraction to the intricacies of neuronal signalling. Unravelling the mysteries of calmodulin not only deepens our understanding of basic biological phenomena but also holds the promise of innovative therapeutic interventions. This research illuminates calmodulin's significance, emphasizing its position as a master regulator in the orchestra of cellular life.