About ATP Synthase Mitochondrial:
The ATP synthase is a form of enzyme which helps to form the energy storage molecule known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It does so primarily by making use of adenosine diphosphate (ADP), along with some inorganic phosphate (P). The reaction that is produced overall by this process can be described as: ADP + Pi + 2H+out ⇌ ATP + H2O + 2H+in
ATP Synthase Mitochondrial Structure & Function
It is located within the thylakoid membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane, and it consists of two regions FO and F1. The former causes a rotation of the latter, being made of c-ring and subunits a, two b, and F6. The F1 region is hydrophilic, and hydrolyzes ATP. The other is a water insoluble protein with eight subunits and a transmembrane ring, which causes neighbouring subunits to rotate.
ATP Synthase Mitochondrial Physiological Role
Like other enzymes, the action that this produce is also reversible. With large enough quantities of ATP, a transmembrane proton gradient is produced, which is in turn to be used by fermenting bacteria without an electron transport chain, and this drives flagella along with the transport of nutrients into a cell.
In the respiring bacteria in physiological conditions, ATP synthase generally runs in the opposite direction, thus creating ATP using the proton motive force created by the electron transport chain as its energy. This overall process is generally referred to as oxidative phosphorylation.
ATP Synthase Mitochondrial Inhibitors
There have been a variety of inhibitors discovered for the ATP, some of which may prove to be of some therapeutic usage, such as peptide inhibitors, polyphenolic phytochemicals, polyketides, and organotin compounds.